Two wheel drive S-10 calipers are 100% compatible unless they changed something with the Chile S10s that I don't know about. I doubt they changed anything, but I don't know enough Spanish to research it.
1978 and some 1979 G-bodies have a different spindle, rotor, and outer bearing than most 1979-1988 gbodies and 1982-2003 S10s. The outer wheel bearing is smaller, which affects the spindle hub mount and the rotor outside bearing race.
Two wheel drive S10 brake assembly (spindles, rotors, bearings, calipers, pads) is a bolt in to any G-body. A 1979-1988 g-body spindle assembly and two wheel drive S10 spindle assembly are the same.
Since your g-body came with a 1 year only spindle assembly, you can pull the entire spindle assembly from the late model S10 so you can get service the wheel bearings and rotors anytime you need to if you need to. If your current 1978 rotor and wheel bearings are good and functioning, you can just buy replacement calipers, pads, and master cylinder from the S10 and use it on your Cutlass. Make sure you get the right hand drive 1998-2003 S10 master cylinder with the port outlet facing the same way as your stock g-body master cylinder.
http://www.maliburacing.com/forum/viewtopic.php?f=25&t=124945
Part number for the master cylinder is 18M974
You should also be able to use the rubber brake hoses from an S10 on for the front calipers of your cultass. The rear rubber brake hose is longer on the S10, but it should bolt in to the gbody hard line fitting and axle fitting.
The studs on newer S10 rotors are metric. Your studs on your rotors are standard SEA. The bolt pattern for both rotors are the same and the wheels you are using will bolt onto the new rotor using metric lug nuts.
Please let me know if you have additional questions.