Kalifornia is a funny state. They have people pushing recycling & protecting the enviorment. But yet the impact a gear head has on things are frowned on. We keep cars for rotting into the ground leaking the bad fluids into the ground, recycle/reuse/repurpose parts from dead cars, maintain them to last longer that they were ment to, some do run way cleaner. But they have an issue on what will be in the long run a limited/low use car that still has purpose & will be a DMV fee payer all because they don't like gear heads putting a better engine in a car that has an engine that is worse for the enviorment. Hate to say this but they would be better to charge a swap fee/SMALL yearly fee for doing so. I don't like Pa's laws but for the tome being they are not as bad as out there. As long as I have a cat, what is needed for the under hood visual check its all good. I'm in a county that doesn't do testing.