For younger Forum members, Built6SpdMCSS offers good advice. Early in your working life, when your salary and tax bracket are both low, get a Roth IRA or choose the Roth option if your 401k has that option. Stuff it with those after tax dollars as you can. Consider low-cost index funds. Pour it in and don't watch the markets. The dollars with the longest time served multiply the most over time even if you have few to commit right now. You may have more to commit later, but they'll have less time to multiply. And you'll never pay taxes on Roth net capital gains. Plus, your Roth IRA can be willed to your kids, again tax free. Do your own investment research, but Roths are a good option early on. When you retire, and need to make a large purchase, you can use some of those long-cooking tax-immune assets to buy what you need without bumping up your taxable income, so you give less of your principal to Uncle Sam.