If all you want to change is the rear axle, then you're not going to get something with good acceleration and good fuel economy in one package. If you want an axle that will give you good acceleration, then as I said before, you're probably going to have to install an overdrive transmission to get decent fuel economy. Look at the performance G bodies from 1985 on up-they had rear axles with gearing for good acceleration, AND overdrive transmissions.
As for looking through a scrap yard for a desirable rear axle, look for a Monte SS, Olds 442, or Buick T type or GN. Just keep in mind that the axles from the 442s and GNs are going to be extremely hard to find, and very expensive. Also, keep in mind that GM changed the wheel studs on the A/G body cars from SAE threads to metric threads starting in 1982, so you'll end up having to use different wheel nuts on the front and rear of the car. Good luck.