Measuring the ID of the booster will not get you close to what you need to know.
A master cylinder casting can be used for different bore sizes.
Most stock 1978-1981 G-body master cylinders came in two sizes. The manual brake version was 7/8" bore and the power booster version used a larger 24mm bore. Both have the same housing/casting. 1982 and later, there where step bore master cylinders. They came with two bore sizes. They had a larger bore for volume and a smaller bore pressure. For g-body cars, the larger bore measures about 1.25" (if memory serves), but the smaller bore should be 24mm. You cannot measure the smaller bore, because it is inside the master cylinder. The larger bore size is easier to measure.
You will need to unbolt the master from the booster and use the vernier calipers to measure the bore diameter. There is a snap ring that holds the master cylinder piston in place. Set you vernier calipers on top of the snap ring and then measure the bore diameter. Hope that made sense.