My understanding is it exists to reduce nox. Anything else is 2nd or 3rd order.
In a round about way, this is true. It's not just nox, though. The engine gets another stab at burning some of the unburnt fuel from the first time around by injecting a little exhaust gas into the engine.
Can't speak for how other engines do it, but a mid-80s VIN 9 Oldsmobile uses 2 ports underneath the Qjet for it's on or off, but also regulated, EGR valve. The EGR valve is not a straight up valve like on some other cars. There's a P or an N on top of the valve head meaning Positive or Negative back pressure operated (no P or N means it's a simple ported EGR valve that should respond to simple vacuum check).
And P EGR valve are the only ones that don't respond to testing by simply putting a vacuum source on the operating diaphragm. VIN 9 uses a positive pressure EGR valve. It's noted by the P as the very last stamping on the head of the EGR valve (talking ACDelco/GM valves only). 85 CSM says VINY and 9 use a Negative pressure EGR, but this is incorrect. They may have before, but not for 85 model year.
Contrary to most other solenoids people are used to, the V8 solenoid, when energized, CUTS OFF the vacuum signal to the EGR valve. When de-energized, the solenoid opens the vacuum supply to the EGR valve.
ECM looks to control the EGR solenoid by evaluating the inputs. 1) Coolant temp 2) TPS 3) RPM 4) TCC state of operation 5) Barometric pressure
That's ALL the ECM does for the EGR system on the V8 Oldsmobile G-cars with ECM. Sorry, never looked at other cars so I couldn't tell you how that gets interfaced. I'm sure there are other variances, but mid-80s is where I live and breathe.
I made a post about it before here, and has links to TOMCO information about Positive and Negative backpressure EGRs and how they work...
My old computer took a dump on me, sort of, so after I got it into "limp-home mode" I went through and ensured I put whatever files that were on the hard drive onto my external hard drive where I keep most of my crap (I call it my personal "cloud"). Then I ran across some EGR information I had...
gbodyforum.com