It is up to the buyer to make sure the vendor has met the quality standards.
If you're talking about the end product, your statement above isn't really how it works. At least not in the U.S. If it were, then how did all those faulty lifters and cams get through QC from different companies?
I would agree that the commercial buyer
should do due diligence and do their QC spot checks on the vendor-manufactured parts to ensure quality is still meeting standards on a consistent basis. This is true. So one could argue what each buying company's GMP-like policies should be followed in that regard. But it's not usually the buyer's responsibility unless contractually obligated. Which is highly unlikely since the buyers have the upper hand ($$) when drawing up the RFQs/contracts. Everything is spelled out in the contract, and every one I've been involved with made the VENDOR contractually liable for meeting those standards laid out by the buyer. If the buyer screws up and sends the wrong specs and the vendor meets them, the vendor is still delivering the quality product as spec'd and the buyer still has to pay the bill. I've never been involved with any situtation where the vendor was off the hook for meeting the standards.
One of the big drawbacks in many contracts though is the SOURCING of materials. If the contract only says the parts will be made out of 5% chromium, 30% molybdenum, etc., and so forth, and the parts meet those specs laid out, then the contractual obligations hold. But as such, the contract doesn't hold the vendor from buying from a different source for the raw materials. And if the buyer doesn't stipulate, the vendor doesn't have to tell. So this week the vendor gets supplies from Nevada, and next month they get a better deal on the same type of materials from say, Bangladesh for something that may or may not be the same quality it once was. This is the diluted supply chain I was talking about. Also, there must be a return on the investment. You can QC yourself into paralysis if you overdo it and in turn, make parts cost-prohibitive. So making the vendor responsible for meeting quality requirements makes more sense.
What seems to be happening with these lifter/cam issues seems, IMO, hit or miss. Meaning there were issues in the vendor's manufacturing process, Ford's final assembly process (compounded by a blind or lazy QC inspector?), or materials quality. And it doesn't have to be a long-term thing. A bad batch of materials could make crappy parts that delaminate because maybe someone transposed a number on a scale somewhere when measuring ingredients which only affected a handful of parts. Or they put the wrong quality materials in the wrong bag or whatever because the experienced guy was out sick and a temp filled in that day and screwed up. If that kind of stuff can be tracked, this is usually why sometimes they can say they could limit the problem cars with VIN breaks in the service bulletins rather than recall all of them. I know for sure FDA standards dictate that batch numbers, or some sort of tracking means will be used to aid in recalls if ever needed in pharma land. A complete autopsy analysis would need to be performed on the failed parts to determine the root cause. Until then, one can only speculate as to why.